大球蓋菇烘干工藝流程
采摘→去雜→清洗→烘干→分級(ji)→包裝
采(cai)摘:大球蓋菇的菇體應在采(cai)收前(qian)2天停止噴水,盡量(liang)在晴天采(cai)摘。
去雜:菇采摘(zhai)后用竹片刮除菇體(ti)鱗片和菇腳(jiao)泥沙(sha),根(gen)據(ju)需要保留菌柄(bing)或用不銹鋼剪刀剪去全部(bu)或部(bu)分菌柄(bing)。
清洗:用清水對菇體進行清洗,放通(tong)風處瀝干表面(mian)水分。
烘干(gan):按菇體大小和干濕程度篩選分級,菌(jun)褶(zhe)朝(chao)下擺放在(zai)烘(hong)烤篩上,然(ran)后進(jin)入烘(hong)干程序。
大球蓋菇傳統(tong)烘干工(gong)藝(yi)
自(zi)然晾曬
大球(qiu)傳統干(gan)燥主要是依靠自然晾(liang)曬,大球(qiu)蓋菇水分重、所耗(hao)時間長、效(xiao)率(lv)低、受天氣影響大,難以(yi)掌(zhang)控,且耗(hao)費(fei)人工、不適合大批量(liang)加工。
土爐火烤
采用煤炭、木材、天然(ran)氣(qi)等作為燃料,溫度高(gao)、熱供大(da),在(zai)烘(hong)干過程中會釋放大(da)量的(de)有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti),污染環(huan)境,存在(zai)火災(zai)風險,干燥過后的(de)大(da)球蓋菇成品熏(xun)味(wei)濃厚、色澤(ze)差、品質低、******低,甚至(zhi)含硫超標無(wu)法滿足(zu)國家(jia)食(shi)品衛(wei)生檢測標準。
電加熱(re)烤(kao)
電加熱式(shi)烘干設備,升溫(wen)快,溫(wen)度高(gao),投資適中,但能耗高(gao),容易烤糊,對于批量標準化生產(chan)、水分重的(de)大(da)球蓋菇來說,烘干成本明顯偏高(gao),且存在安全隱患。
鮮品保(bao)存時(shi)間(jian)短不易(yi)儲(chu)存,大球蓋(gai)(gai)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)體含水量較高,不適合用(yong)曬干及傳(chuan)統(tong)其他的(de)干燥方式,宜(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)空氣能(neng)熱泵大球蓋(gai)(gai)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)烘(hong)房內進行機械烘(hong)干,大球蓋(gai)(gai)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)干菇(gu)(gu)(gu)制作(zuo)過程更加科(ke)學、環(huan)保(bao)、衛(wei)生、健康(kang),同時(shi)也(ye)大大縮短了(le)大球蓋(gai)(gai)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)干菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)制作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)。
大球蓋(gai)菇烘干工藝
階段一:烘干(gan)溫度設置(zhi)為30~45℃,菇體(ti)受熱后,表面水(shui)分(fen)迅速蒸發(fa),連續排濕通風,促使朵菌褶(zhe)片固定,直立定型;
階(jie)段二:適當(dang)降(jiang)溫處理,以(yi)防止菌(jun)褶倒狀(zhuang),損壞菇形,色澤(ze)固定。
階段三:開(kai)始緩慢(man)升(sheng)溫(wen),每小(xiao)(xiao)時升(sheng)高(gao)2-3℃的方法(fa)維(wei)持6-8小(xiao)(xiao)時,至(zhi)50度左(zuo)右恒溫(wen),每段調節相對(dui)濕度變化(hua)5-10%,促(cu)使菇(gu)體(ti)內水分大量蒸發,以(yi)確(que)保菌褶(zhe)直立、色澤固(gu)定。
階(jie)段四:為整體(ti)干燥階段,由50℃恒溫(wen)緩慢(man)升(sheng)至60℃約經6~8h。(詳(xiang)細工藝可致電(dian)咨詢超強機械(xie)了解)
大球(qiu)蓋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)烘干機也適合(he)于(yu)烘制靈芝、香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、牛肝菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、羊肚菌、花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、草(cao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、茶樹菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、茶新(xin)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、楊樹菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、長根(gen)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、杏鮑菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、真姬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、姬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、金針菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、金福菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、黃金菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、白靈菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、白玉(yu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、海鮮菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、何(he)首(shou)烏、八角、油(you)茶籽、砂(sha)仁、天(tian)麻(ma)、三七、石(shi)斛(hu)、玫(mei)瑰花(hua)、茉莉花(hua)、紅糖、春菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、冬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、蘑(mo)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、平菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、紅菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、 松(song)(song)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、香(xiang)辣金針菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、滑(hua)(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、滑(hua)(hua)子菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、秀珍菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、袖珍菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、巴西菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、鮑魚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、松(song)(song)乳(ru)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、虎奶菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、猴頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、鳳(feng)尾菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、雞腿(tui)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、豬肚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、蟹味菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、阿(a)魏菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、大球(qiu)蓋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、 雙(shuang)孢蘑(mo)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、雙(shuang)孢菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等烘干。